Vol. 49 | No. 2 | July-December 2021 Back

Open Access

Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review

Jeffrey Valencia, Namphril Malaluan, Paula Victoria Catherine Cheng, Michael Brian Alvarez, Rody Sy, Felix Eduardo Punzalan
Dec 2021 DOI 10.69944/pjc.4bb9b9314a

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of disorders of the heart and blood  vessels, which includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral  artery disease. It is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, there is paucity  in the available epidemiologic data of CVD in Southeast Asia (SEA). 

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, mortality rate, and associated risk factors of  CVD (specifically ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease) among adult  populations in SEA. 

METHODS: A systematic review of published articles between 2015 and 2020 was  conducted. The authors also searched the World Health Organization database and publicly  available health department websites of Southeast Asian countries. 

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CVDs in SEA is 5.48%. Specifically, the prevalence of  ischemic heart disease is 1.54% and is highest in Thailand (2.54%). Ischemic stroke has a  prevalence of 1.03% and is highest in Indonesia (1.97%). Prevalence of peripheral artery  disease is 1.36% and is also highest in Thailand (1.92%). Mortality rate from CVD in SEA  is 13.41%. Hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and hypertension are the most common risk  factors, with prevalence of 41.2%, 21.1%, and 20.9%, respectively. 

CONCLUSION: The prevalence and mortality rate of CVD in SEA remain high and are  associated with high prevalence of underlying risk factors. Interventions should be  strengthened to improve the overall picture in the region. Collaborative efforts among  Southeast Asian countries are essential not only in generating comparative epidemiologic  data but also in sharing best practices in lowering CVD mortality and morbidity. 

KEYWORDS: cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery  disease, risk factors, Southeast Asia

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